Grade/Level: JSS 1 Number of Pupils in Class: 70 Date: 2026-06-28 Duration: 80 minutes
Name of Teacher: MR MASUMBA
Subject: Basic Science & Technology Theme: BASIC TECHNOLOGY Sub Theme: MATERIALS AND PROCESSING
Topic: Properties of Materials
Performance Objective(s):
By the end of the lesson, learners should be able to:
- identify, classify and describe the properties of wood.
Prerequisite Knowledge:
- Learners can identify common materials found in their environment.
- Learners know some common uses of wood.
References:
- Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC) Basic Education Curriculum for Basic Science & Technology JSS 1.
- Basic Science and Technology for Junior Secondary Schools 1, relevant textbook.
Teaching and Learning Resources:
- Specimens of various types of wood and metal.
- Various types of ceramic and glass products.
- Timber Shed
- Wood, Plastics and Ceramic Industries.
METHODOLOGIES, STRATEGIES AND APPROACHES:
Approach: Learner-centered Approach
Method:
- Discussion Method - Introduction, Development Step 1, Development Step 2, Development Step 3
- Demonstration Method - Development Step 1, Development Step 2
- Practical Activity Method - Development Step 2, Development Step 3
Strategy:
- Question and Answer - Introduction, Development Step 1, Development Step 2, Evaluation questions
- Group Work - Development Step 3
- Observation - Development Step 1, Development Step 2, Development Step 3
Lesson Implementation:
| Stage | Teaching Methods | Teacher Activities | Learner Activities | Learning Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Introduction - 10 min | Discussion Method, Question and Answer | Teacher greets the learners and asks: "What are some common materials you see around us, used to make different objects?" "Which of these materials is wood? What objects in this classroom are made of wood?" | Learners respond by naming materials like plastic, metal, and wood. They identify wooden objects such as desks, chairs, and doors. | Materials like wood, metal, and plastic are used to make various objects. Wood is a widely used material for furniture and building components. |
| Development Step 1 - 20 min | Demonstration Method, Discussion Method, Observation | Teacher displays physical specimens of various types of wood (e.g., mahogany, afara, obeche, opepe, mansonia). Teacher asks: "Observe these wood specimens carefully. What differences do you notice, especially in their colours?" Teacher then explains: "Based on their characteristics, wood can be classified into two main types: hardwood and softwood." | Learners examine the physical wood specimens. They describe differences in colour, for example, mahogany is reddish-brown, while obeche is lighter. Learners listen to the explanation of wood classification. | Wood can be identified by colour (e.g., mahogany - reddish-brown, afara - yellowish-brown, obeche - whitish, opepe - golden-yellow, mansonia - greyish-brown). Wood is classified into hardwood and softwood. |
| Step 2 - 20 min | Practical Activity Method, Demonstration Method, Discussion Method, Observation | Teacher instructs learners: "Now, let's examine these wood specimens more closely. Touch them – how do they feel? Are they smooth or rough? Try to scratch them with your fingernail – are they hard or soft? Look at the patterns on the surface, called grains – are they straight or wavy? Lift them – do they feel heavy or light?" | Learners touch the wood specimens and describe their texture (smooth/rough). They attempt to scratch the wood to assess its hardness. They observe the grain patterns (straight/wavy) and lift the specimens to feel their relative density (heavy/light). | Key properties of wood include: - Hardness: Some woods are hard, others are soft. - Texture: Can be smooth or rough. - Grain: The pattern of wood fibres, which can be straight, wavy, or interlocked. - Density: Some woods are dense (heavy), others are less dense (light). |
| Step 3 - 20 min | Practical Activity Method, Group Work, Discussion Method, Observation | Teacher divides the class into groups and distributes different wood specimens to each group. Teacher instructs: "In your groups, identify your wood specimen by its colour, classify it as either hardwood or softwood, and then list at least three properties you observe." | Learners work in groups to examine their assigned wood specimens. They identify the wood's colour, discuss and classify it (e.g., "This is opepe, it's a hardwood"), and list its observed properties (e.g., "golden-yellow, hard, straight grain"). | Learners apply their knowledge to identify, classify, and describe the properties of various wood types through practical observation and discussion. |
| Evaluation questions - 10 min | Question and Answer | Teacher asks the following questions to assess understanding: "1. Name two types of wood you can identify by colour. 2. How is wood generally classified? 3. List three properties of wood." | Learners provide answers to the questions, for example: "1. Mahogany and Obeche. 2. Hardwood and Softwood. 3. Hardness, texture, and grain." | Assessment of learners' ability to identify, classify, and describe the properties of wood as covered in the lesson. |
Lesson Evaluation:
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